Said toekelson and fyebeeg as



(No Mod e11) ZSheeta-Sheet 1. I. JOHNSON, R. T. TORKELSON 8B A. FYRBERG.

REVOLVER.

No. 345,974. Patented July 20, 1886.

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

I. JOHNSON, R. T. TORKBLSON 8v A. FYRBERG.

' REVOLVER.

No. 345,974. Patented July 20, 18861 UNITED STATES IVER JOHNSON,REINHARD T. TORKELSON,

PATENT OFFICE.

AND ANDREW FYRBERG, OF

SIGNORS TO SAID JOHNSON.

REVOLVER;

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 345,974, dated July 20,1886.

Application filed March 27, 1886.

To aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, IVER JOHNSON, REIN- HARD T. TORKELSON, and ANDREWFYRBERG, all of Worcester,in the county of Worcesterand 5 State ofMassachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inFire-Arms; and we do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear,and exact description of the same, reference being had to theaccompanyro ing drawings, forming a part of this specification, and inwhich- Figure 1 represents a central longitudinal section through somuch of a fire-arm as is necessary to illustrate our improvements :5thereon, some of the parts being shown in elevation to more clearlyillustrate their construct-ion and operation, hereinafter more fullydescribed. Fig. 2 represents a similar view to that shown in Fig. 1 ofourimproved fire-arm,

20 with the barrel and parts attached thereto swung over and down toeject the cartridgeshclls after firing preparatory to reloading saidfire-arm in the usual way, said adjusted position also serving to morefully illustrate 2 5 our improvements, as well as the construction andoperation thereof. All the following figures represent detail views ofthe various parts of our said improvements. Figs. 3, 4, 7, S, 17, 1S,and 19 are views of parts relating to the cartridgeshell-ojectingmechanism, different views thereof also being shown in Figs. 20 and 22in connection with our in1- proved cylinder-retaining pin. Figs. and 21also represent, in addition to Figs. and

22, diil'erent views of said cylinder-retaining pin and its applicationto the fire-arm. Fig. (i represents our improved cylinder stop. Fig. 9shows our improved mainspring for causing the hammer to rebound into itsnor- 0 mal or hal f-cocked position after each discharge of thefire-arm. Figs. 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 are different views of partsrelating to the mechanism for locking the barrel of said firearm in itsnormal position,- and Figs. 15 and 16 are views of the trigger and itslockinglevcr hereinafter more fully described.

Our invention relates to what are commonly known as breech-loadingfire-arms, having a hinged barrel, a revolving cylinder, and an 5.:automatic cartridgeejector, and comprises pocket-revolver;

Serial No. 196,787. (No model.)

improvements in the means employed for causing the hammer to spring backor rebound into its normal half-cocked position after each operationthereof in firing the arm; for locking the trigger when said fire-arm isnot in use; for stopping and locking the cylinder after each partialrotation thereof in the operation of firing the arm; for locking andholding the barrel in its normal position; for operating thecartridge-shellejector, and for locking and retaining the cylinder andparts connected therewith in position longitudinally, also the sleeve ofsaid cylinder against a rotary movement, all of which improvements willbe hereinafter more fully set forth.

To enable others skilled in the art to which our invention appertains tomake and use the same, we will now proceed to describe it more 5 indetail.

In the present instance we have shown our aforesaid improvements appliedto an ordinary but we do not limit our invention thereto, as it isapplicable to other forms of fire-arms whose operating parts are similarin construction and arrangement to the fire-arm hereinafter described,and shown in the drawings.

Referring to said drawings, theparts marked A represent the frame of therevolver, which comprises the handle A, the receiver A", the bridge A",and forehand A. B is the barrel, having the usual strap, B, at the rearend thereof. The part marked 0 is the hammer,

D the cylinder, E the trigger, and F the trigger-guard, all of whichparts are of ordinary well-k nown construction,and therefore require nofurther description, except in combination with our present improvementshereinafter described.

The cylinder D is fitted to turn on the sleeve a, which is held in thebarrel, as hereinafter described, and said cylinder is operated, asusual, by means of the trigger E and a lever,

b, hinged at its lower end to said trigger, the upper end of said leverbeing adapted to engage with the usual notches for turning the cylinderwhen the trigger is pulled back to force up its rotating leveraforesaid.

The operation of the hammer C in striking the firing-pin c to explodethe cartridge, with 1:0

the exception of the means employed for causing the rebound thereof intoits normal halfcocked position, (shown in Fig. 1,) is substantiallylikeother revolvers of its class now in public use, said hammer being raisedor sprung back, as shown in Fig. 2, preparatory to striking thefiring-pin, by the operation of the trigger, and a lever, d, hingedthereto, whose upper end works in a transverse slot, d", in the lowerfront edge of the hammer. In said operation of raising the hammer, whenthe upper end or head of lever d passes out of the slot d" aforesaid,the mainspring G, which bears against said hammer above its pivot whenthus sprung back, forces it forward to strike the firing-pin and explodethe cartridge in the usual way.

The hammer is caused to rebound or spring back into its normal halfcocked position (shown in Fig. 1) after striking the firing-pin ,c, asaforesaid, in the followingmanner: A

lip or projection, f, is formed on the inner end of the inainspring G,at about a right angle thereto, which bears against the hammer Osquarely over its pivot e, one end of said lip extending above and theother below said pivot, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, and is so formed andarranged in connection with the hammer and mainspring as to hold saidhammer stationary when in its half-cocked position hereinbeforedescribed. Consequently, when the hammer is raised, as also hereinbeforedescribed, and then sprung forward by the end f of the mainspring beyondits normal position, to strike and operate the firingpin 0, it is causedto rebound or spring back into said normal position by thecounterpressuie of the end f of lip f against said hammer below itspivot-point.

The aforesaid lip on the mainspring and the application thereofconstitutes one of the features of our invention.

The cylinder-rotating lever b and the hammer-raising lever d are both inthis instance hinged to the same pivot g on the trigger E, and are heldin position so as to work properly when operated, as'hereinbeforedescribed, by a spring, h, interposed between said parts. The trigger ishinged at Land is sprung back into its normal position after operation-by means of a spring, '13, in the usual way.

Our improved device for locking the trigger E in its normal position(shown in Fig. 1) consists of alever, H, hinged to the trigger-guard Fat j, and fitted to work in a slot, E, in the operating-finger E of saidtrigger.

(hen the parts are in their normal positions,the outer end of thelocking-lever H projects a little forward of the trigger-finger, and itscorner rests against a shoulder, Z, formed on the trigger just under thepivot 9, being prevented, except by force, from disengaging therefrom bya spring, m, fitted in a slot or recess in thetrigger-gnai d F, whichbears upon the back side of said locking-lever, as shown in Figs. 1 and2.

The trigger is unlocked by the operation of pulling back the same in theusual way to 'fire the arm, said operation, as will be obviouslyseem-causing the locking-lever to be pushed back (owing to theaboveconstruction and arrangement) a little in advance of said trigger, so asto disengage it from the holding-notch of the trigger, and thus allowthe latter to be operated, as before stated, and shown in Fig. 2.

The various parts for operating the hammer G and cylinder D are soformed and arranged in relation to. each other as to operate, as usual,first, said hammer to strike the firing-pin and explode the cartridge,then to turn said cylinder so as to bring the next cartridge in linewith the bore of the barrel and the firing-pin, and finally to stop and.hold said cylinder in the latter position preparatory to the nextdischarge of the arm, all in rapid succession as the trigger E is pulledback. The cylinder is thus stopped and held by means of alever, a,hinged at n to the triggerpvhich is moved up in drawing back saidtrigger, so that its upper end will engage with its respective slot 0 insaid cylinder. Said cylinder-stop n is held in position between thepivot i of the trigger and a spring, 1), interposed between said partand the shoulder p of said trigger. It is pivoted in this instance sothat its pivot n comes below and in front of the pivot of the triggerwhen the parts are in their normal posit-ions, as shown in Fig. 1,instead of said pivot cont ing at the rear of the trigger-pivot, asordinarily. The above arrangement constitutes another feature of ourinvention, as set forth in the claims.

The firing-pin c is sprnngback after operation by means of a spiralspring, a, interposed between a collar, 0', formed on said pin, and anut, c, screwed into the bridge A of the revolver. .Upon the upper sideof said bridge A is formed the usual flange or projection, g, whichextends up through a slot in the rear end of the strap B of the barrelwhen the parts are fitted together, as shown in Fig. 1. Said parts arelocked in the above position by means of our improved locking device,(see Figs. 10 to 14 inclusive,) which is constructed and arranged asfollows: A pin, 7', having one side cut away at r, as shown in Figs. 11and 13, is fitted in a transverse opening, 1", formed partly in thestrap and partly in the projection q aforesaid. The slot r'in the pin ismade a little longer than the width of the projection q, so that whenthe two are arranged opposite to each other the latter may be withdrawnfrom the opening in the strap to unfastcn said parts.

In Fig. 11, which represents a horizontal section through a part ofstrap l3 and the projection q, the parts are shown in a locked position,the slot in the pin being out of line withthe projection, and there heldby aspring, s, fitted in a slot in the side of the strap. The pin isprevented from turning by means of the square part 1", formedthcrcon,which fits in a square opening in the plate 1-, recessed, andfastened to the side of the strap outside of the x slsts spring s. Saidplate is held in place by screws 8' s, the latter screw, 8', alsoserving to hold the aforesaid spring 8 in place. By thus constructingsaid locking device it is obvious that by pressing upon the end 1 of pinr with one hand the barrel and parts connected therewith are unlockedfrom the frame, and may be swung over and down from said frame with theother hand into the position shown in Fig. 2, to eject the emptycartridge-shells and reload the arm, as hereinafter described, saidbarrel being hinged at B to the forehand A of the revolver in the usualway.

The cartridge-shell-eject-ing mechanism conof a disk, I, having thefinger t, the bolt J, fitted to slide forward and back in the sleeve (1,hereinbefore referred to, and provided with the hinged spring partu,spindle 0, also fitted to slide in said sleeve (1, and provided with theusual spider, o. The disk I is fitted over the pivot B, between theprojecting part 13 of barrel B (see Fig. 17) and one of the ears orflanges w of the forehand A. Ordinarily said disk is arranged to havemore or less rotary motion on the pivot B", necessitated by theconstruction adopted; but in this instance it is held rigid thereon bymeans of the ears or projections 10' a", one of said projections beingarranged to bear against other against the shoulder 20 of the fore A.This constitutes one of our inzrove in the ejecting mechanism. Anotherfa. is the sliding bolt J hereinbeforc referred 1'0. Said sliding boltis constructed and arranged in the following manner: A longitudinal slotor groove, w, (see Figs. 3, 18, 19, and 20,) is formed in one side ofthe same, in which is fitted the spring part u, above referred to. Saidpart a is hinged at u to said bolt, and its rear end is forced up bymeans of a spiral or other spring, 1F, arranged under the same in theslot x aforesaid. It is prevented from springing beyond its normalposition (shown in Fig. 20, by ashoulder, u, formed on the bottom of itsforward end, bearing against the bolt at the bottom of its slot.

In addition to the above, the bolt J is provided upon the outer side ofits rear end with a projection, to, which works back and forth in aslot, m formed in thesleeve a. (SceFigs. l, 2, and 7.) Said slot atextends from near the rear end of the sleeve to just outside of thecylinder 1), when fitted in the latter, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

The projection 41: extends a little above the surface of the bolt J,where the slot comes, and the finger i of the disk I is arranged towork over said slot, as best shown in Fig. 2; therefore, assuming thatsaid parts are in their normal positions, as shown in Fig. 1, with thefinger it back of the sliding bolt, by now swinging over the barrel andparts connected therewith from the position shown in Fig. 1 to thatshown in Fig. 2 the projection a is brought in contact with the rigidfinger t, aforesaid, thereby pushing forward the sliding bolt J, and incousequence'the ejector-spindle and the shoulder 2 and the ,jcctiou.ragain finger 1!, but itreadily same, owing to its being made slantingon this its spider, to eject the cartridge-shells in the usual way. Inperforming said operation, when the projection :r' comes in contact withthe sleeve a at the end of its slot :0 the part u is forced down, asshown in Fig. 18, below the under line or surface of the finger, thusdisengaging the projection m from said finger, and in consequenceallowing the bolt and the other parts previously pushed forward to hesprung back under said finger by the usual spring, y, fitted over thespindle a, between the shoulder a", formed on said spindle, and thefront end of the sleeve a, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

The ejector-spindle and its spider are prevented from turning by meansof a rod, '0", extending back from said spider parallel with thespindle, and working in a longitudinal opening, 1), in the cylinder D.The sliding bolt J, spindle o, andparts connected therewith having beensprung back into their normal positions, as aforesaid, and shown i nFig. 1, the cylinder may then be refilled with new cartridges in theusual way, after which the barrel and other parts are swung back intotheir original normal positions, ready for again firing the arm, ashereinbefore described.

In perfmming the lattenoperatiou the procomes in contact-with the rigidslips under and past the side, and on account of the holding-spring ayielding under the pressure of said finger, as shown in Fig. 19.

From the foregoing description it is obvious that our cartridge-ejectingmechanism not only difl'ers from others in admitting of the employmentof a rigid ejector-finger, but also in admitting of its being arrangedoff ofinstead of upon a central line with the ejector-spindle, as isordinarily the case by the present modes of construction.

Ourimproved device for fastening the sleeve a of the cylinder-in thebarrel B is constructed and arranged as shown in Figs. 1, 2, 5, 7, 20,21, and 22 of the drawings. Fig. 20 is a hori zontal section ofa portionof the lower part of the barrel,also through thesleeve (land through thesliding bolt hereiubefore described, said section being taken at thepoint indicated by the line a, Fig. 22, looking down, as shown by thearrow, same figure, showing a top view of our locking device. Fig. 21 isa similar section taken below the sleeve 0, looking up, to show an underside view of said device; and Fig. 22 shows a vertical section throughthe device and the end of the sleeve, taken at the points indicated bylines b b, Figs. 1 and 20. The device consists of a pin, K, having twocircular grooves, 3 formed around the same, and also made so as to fitin a transverse slot, 3 formed in the rear end of sleeve a. The extremeend of said sleeve is also provided with two lips, 31 3 by means ofwhich the sleeve is held from pulling out when the collars or largerportions y are in line IIO with said lips,

as shown in Figs. 20 and 22. When it is desired to unfastenthe sleevefrom the barrel to remove the cylinder therefrom, it is simply necessaryto press upon the outer end, g of the pin and push it in, so as to bringits grooves y 'y' in line with the lips 31" y aforesaid, as shown inFig. 21, thus admitting of said removal, as will he obviously seen. Thepin is held in its normal position by means of a spring, 3 fitted in anopening in the inner end of said pin. and which bears against the innerside of the barrel, and by a setserew, 9 of said spring from beingpushed forward too far. Said screw passes up through the bottom of thebarrel, and its upper end holds against the central part, y, of the pin,as shown in Fig. 22.

From the foregoing description it will be seen that the various partsconstituting our improvements are simple in construction, as well asstrong and durable, and are therefore not liable to easily get out ofrepair.

Having fully described said improvements in connection with the oldparts of a fire-arm of the class named, what we claim therein as new andof our invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is r 1. Thecombination of the hammer G, its pivot e, and frame A, with themainspring G, consisting of a flat piece of tempered metal held at itsbase end in a suitable socket or recess in the bottom of said frame A,and having at its upper end alip, f, adapted to bear against the baseend of the hammer, justback of and a little below its pivot,substantially as shown and described, for the purpose stated.

2. The combination of the trigger-guard F and trigger E, having the slotE in its operating finger E", and the holding notch or shoulder Z,formed in the rear upperface of the trigger, with the locking-lever H,hinged to the upper back end of said trigger-guard,

and adapted to work in the slot E and to hold against the notch orshoulder l aforesaid, and spring on, fitted in a socketin the rear endof the trigger-guard and adapted to push f orward the locking-lever Hagainst the trigger E, substantially as shown and described.

3. The combination of the cylinder D, frame A, trigger E and its pivoti, with the lever a, hinged at at below and in front of saidtriggerpivot, when the trigger is in its normal or forwhich holds itagainst the pressure ward position, and held in position between thelatter and a spring, p, which bears against a shoulder, 11', on saidtrigger, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

4. The combination of the projection g on the bridge A, and the strap Bof barrel B, with the pin r, cut out upon one side at r, and having thesquare end 1"", flat spring 3, adapted to bear against the end shoulderof the pin r at the base-of its square part r, plate r, having a squareopening to receive the square part 1 aforesaid, and holding-screws s 8,substantially as shown and described.

5. The ejector-disk I, having the finger t and ears or projections w w,in combination with the pivot-bolt B, barrel B, and forehand .A", havingthe holding notches or shoulders w" 10 whereby said ejector-disk isprevented from turning on its pivot, substantially as and for thepurpose set forth.

6. The combination, with the ejector-disk I, having the finger t, earsor p'roiections-w' w. and prevented from turning on its pivot 13 bymeans of the shoulders w w on the forehand A", of sliding bolt J,provided with the spring part a, spindle e, and spring 1, said slidingbolt, spindle, and spring being fitted to operate in a sleeve, a,provided with a slot, 00', and held in the barrel and cylinder of thefire-arm,substantially as shown and described, for the purpose setforth.

7. The combination of barrel B and sleeve at, having the transverseslots 3f and holdinglips y", with adevice for locking or holding saidsleeve and parts connected therewith to said barrel when fitted therein,consisting of the locking-pin K, fitted transversely in the base end ofthe barrel, also having the circular grooves y y formed around itsperiphery, and a central longitudinal opening at its inner end toreceive a spiral spring, 3 said spring 3 bearing at one end against thelocking-pin, and at its other end against the barrel B, for producing anend-pressure against said pin, and screw 3 for preventing the pin frombeing forced beyond its proper point by the spring y, substantially asset forth.

lVER JOHNSON.

REINHARD T. TORKELSON. ANDREW FYRBERG. Witnesses:

WALTER B. NoURsE, LUCIUS W. BRIGGS.

